The first king of Kathmandu Valley, Aridev Malla, was a legendary ruler who established the Malla dynasty and shaped the valley’s history. The valley we now know as Kathmandu, filled with ancient temples, palaces, and vibrant culture, was once ruled by powerful kings and dynasties. The first king of Kathmandu Valley, historically recorded, was Aridev Malla, also called Arimalla. He started the famous Malla dynasty, which ruled the valley for centuries and significantly shaped its culture, architecture, and traditions.
In this article, we will explore the life and legacy of the first king of Kathmandu Valley in simple words. We will look at his life, achievements, how he changed the valley, and why he is remembered even today. This comprehensive guide will help you understand the roots of Kathmandu’s culture and history.
First king of Kathmandu Valley and ancient Kathmandu Valley landscape
Who Was the First King of Kathmandu Valley?
The first king of Kathmandu Valley first king of Kathmandu Valley was Aridev Malla, also known as Arimalla. He became king around the year 1201 AD and ruled for about 15 years, until 1216 AD. Aridev Malla is recognized as the first king of the Malla dynasty, which went on to rule Kathmandu Valley for centuries.
Before Aridev Malla, the first king of Kathmandu valley was governed by other dynasties like the Licchavis, Kirats, and various local chieftains. Learn more about Nepal’s ancient dynasties and history.” (britannica.com)These rulers left their mark on the valley, but it was Aridev who unified the region under the Malla name and laid the foundation for centuries of cultural and political growth.
The title “Malla” comes from Sanskrit, meaning “wrestler” or someone strong and powerful. It symbolized strength and valor, qualities that Aridev Malla wanted to associate with his rule. By adopting this title, he set the tone for the dynasty that would follow.
Aridev Malla, the first king of Kathmandu Valley
1. Early Life of the First King of Kathmandu Valley
Little is known about Aridev Malla’s early life. Historians have very few records about his childhood, family background, or how he initially gained influence in the valley. However, it is clear that before his reign, the Kathmandu Valley lacked a central authority that could unify the region and protect its people.
Aridev Malla’s rise to power marked the beginning of a structured and stable governance system. He established a strong foundation for future kings to expand culture, trade, and governance. By the time he became king, the valley was becoming an important center of trade, connecting Tibet in the north and India in the south. His leadership made it possible to regulate trade, improve security, and encourage cultural development.
2. The Malla Dynasty Begins: Rise to Power of the First King of Kathmandu Valley
The reign of the first king of Kathmandu Valley, Aridev Malla, started the Malla dynasty, which lasted for nearly 600 years. The Malla kings are famous for their contribution to art, culture, and architecture in Nepal. Under the Malla dynasty, Kathmandu Valley grew into a cultural and religious hub, attracting scholars, artists, and traders from all over the region.
Aridev Malla’s rule marked the start of a period where the kings actively promoted the arts. The temples, palaces, and public spaces that would be built in later years had their roots in his vision of a unified and culturally rich kingdom. By laying down administrative rules and promoting stability, he made it possible for the valley to flourish under his successors.
3. The Importance of Being the First King
Being the first king of Kathmandu Valley was not just a title; it carried significant responsibilities. Aridev Malla had to:
-
Unify the region: Before him, the valley was fragmented and controlled by smaller chiefs. Aridev worked to consolidate these areas under a single ruler.
-
Maintain peace: The valley was a trade hub, and with trade came disputes. Maintaining peace and order was crucial.
-
Strengthen culture: He promoted art, religion, and festivals, helping develop the valley’s unique identity.
Through these efforts, Aridev Malla became more than just a political figure; he became a symbol of unity and culture. His decisions laid the groundwork for centuries of prosperity and cultural development.
4. Cultural and Religious Contributions of the First King of Kathmandu Valley
One of the most important contributions of the first king of Kathmandu Valley was in culture and religion. The Malla kings, starting with the first king of Kathmandu Valley Aridev, encouraged both Hinduism and Buddhism, allowing diverse beliefs to flourish.
The valley soon became known for its temples, monasteries, and festivals. Many of these cultural landmarks have roots in the period that began with Aridev Malla’s reign. Today, visitors can still see evidence of this rich cultural heritage in Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur.
Festivals like Indra Jatra and Bisket Jatra are celebrated even today and reflect traditions that started during the early Malla period. Aridev Malla’s rule was therefore significant not only for political reasons but also for creating a cultural legacy that continues for centuries.
5. Architecture and City Planning and Legacy of the First King of Kathmandu Valley
Architecture of Kathmandu Valley during the Malla dynasty
Another major legacy of Aridev Malla was his encouragement of architecture and urban development. Although many of the grand temples and palaces were built by later Malla kings, the first king of Kathmandu Valley, Aridev, set the foundation for organized city planning and construction.
His reign made it possible for the valley to grow into a culturally rich area with beautiful architecture. Later kings built iconic structures in Durbar Squares, showcasing elaborate wood carvings, stone sculptures, and religious symbolism. These structures remain UNESCO World Heritage Sites today and are living evidence of the Malla dynasty’s influence.
Aridev Malla’s vision ensured that future generations of kings would prioritize the arts, culture, and religion alongside governance, creating a lasting urban and cultural legacy
6. Trade and Economy Under the First King of Kathmandu Valley
The Kathmandu Valley has always been an important trade hub between India and Tibet. The first king of Kathmandu Valley, Aridev Malla’s rule, helped stabilize the region, making trade safer and more organized. Explore how historical trade routes in Nepal helped shape commerce and culture.
By encouraging markets and commerce, he helped the valley prosper. Traders brought goods such as:
-
Spices
-
Textiles
-
Precious metals
-
Religious items
This economic growth helped strengthen the valley, attracting more people and increasing cultural exchanges. Aridev Malla’s reign was crucial in setting the stage for a prosperous and connected Kathmandu Valley.
7. Legacy of the First King of Kathmandu Valley
Despite the challenges of ruling a fragmented valley, Aridev Malla’s legacy is immense. He founded the Malla dynasty, a line of kings that ruled for centuries. His governance model, cultural encouragement, and support for trade made the valley a center of civilization in Nepal.
After his death around 1216 AD, his son Abhaya Malla succeeded him and continued the dynasty. The Malla period lasted until the late 18th century, but its cultural, religious, and architectural influence is still visible today.
The story of Aridev Malla also serves as a reminder that leadership is about more than power — it is about vision, culture, and creating a foundation for future generations.
8. Historical Significance of Kathmandu Valley
Kathmandu Valley is not only the political center of Nepal but also a cultural and religious hub. The valley is home to three major cities: Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur, each with its own unique culture, architecture, and history.
The Malla kings, starting with the first king of Kathmandu Valley Aridev Malla, played a major role in shaping the valley into the cultural center it is today. They built temples, encouraged festivals, and promoted local art. This cultural development made Kathmandu Valley one of the most important historical and religious centers in South Asia.
9. Festivals and Traditions
Festivals of Kathmandu Valley during the Malla period
During and after Aridev Malla’s reign, the Kathmandu Valley became known for its festivals and cultural events. The Malla kings ensured that religious and cultural activities were celebrated with grandeur. Some of the festivals include:
-
Indra Jatra: A festival celebrating Lord Indra, with masked dances and chariot processions. Learn more about Indra Jatra on Lonely Planet.” (lonelyplanet.com)
-
Bisket Jatra: Celebrated in Bhaktapur, marking the Nepali New Year with lively parades.
-
Dashain and Tihar: Major Hindu festivals that continue to be celebrated with great enthusiasm.
These traditions, encouraged by the first Malla king, have continued for centuries, keeping the valley alive with culture and spirituality.
10. Architecture, Art, and Education
The Malla dynasty was responsible for developing Kathmandu Valley into a hub of art and education. Under Aridev Malla’s rule, scholars, artists, and craftsmen were encouraged to live and work in the valley.
Temples: Both Hindu and Buddhist temples flourished, reflecting a mix of cultural influences.
-
Sculptures: Intricate stone and wood carvings became common in temples and palaces.
-
Education: Schools and centers of learning were encouraged, promoting literacy and religious studies.
These contributions ensured that Kathmandu Valley would remain a center of learning and culture for generations.
11. Visiting Kathmandu Valley Today
Today, visitors can still see the influence of the first king of Kathmandu Valley:
-
Durbar Squares: Historic squares in Kathmandu, Patan, and Bhaktapur are filled with temples and palaces.
-
Festivals: Annual cultural events that attract tourists and locals alike.
-
Art and Craft: Local artisans continue centuries-old traditions of wood carving, painting, and sculpture.
By walking through the valley, one can imagine the beginnings of the Malla dynasty and appreciate the cultural foundation laid by Aridev Malla.
FAQs About the First King of Kathmandu Valley
Q1. Who was the first king of Kathmandu Valley?
A: The first king of Kathmandu Valley was Aridev Malla, also called Arimalla, who started the Malla dynasty.
Q2. When did he rule?
A: Aridev Malla ruled from around 1201 AD to 1216 AD.
Q3. Why is the first king of Kathmandu Valley important?
A: He is important because he unified the valley, started the Malla dynasty, and encouraged cultural development.
Q4. What was the meaning of “Malla”?
A: “Malla” means wrestler or strong person, symbolizing power and valor.
Q5. Who succeeded him?
A: His son, Abhaya Malla, became the next king.
Q6. Did he influence culture and festivals?
A: Yes, his reign laid the foundation for many festivals, art, and religious traditions in the valley.
Q7. Is Kathmandu Valley still influenced by him?
A: Yes, the temples, palaces, festivals, and local culture reflect the influence of Aridev Malla and the Malla dynasty.
The first king of Kathmandu Valley, Aridev Malla, played a pivotal role in shaping the valley’s history. He established the Malla dynasty, brought political stability, encouraged trade, and promoted cultural and religious development.
From the bustling Durbar Squares to the colorful festivals, modern Kathmandu Valley is a living testament to the vision of its first king. Visitors today can witness centuries-old temples, art, and traditions that began with the first king of Kathmandu Valley, Aridev Malla, making him a central figure in Nepalese history.
Understanding the story of the first king of Kathmandu Valley helps us appreciate the rich culture, traditions, and architecture that make Kathmandu a unique and historic place in the world. The legacy of the first king of Kathmandu Valley continues to inspire culture, festivals, and architecture in modern Nepal